Vitamin D Synthesis, Deficiency, and Nutrient Interactions
Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, is crucial for calcium and phosphate homeostasis, playing a pivotal role in bone health and immune function. It is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, converted to 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the liver, and activated as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the kidneys. Deficiency, prevalent worldwide, is linked to rickets, osteoporosis, and increased susceptibility to infections. Factors such as limited sun exposure, darker skin pigmentation, and aging contribute to its deficiency. Additionally, interactions with nutrients like magnesium and zinc are critical, as they act as cofactors in the activation process. These interdependencies highlight the importance of a balanced diet and supplementation in addressing deficiency, improving health outcomes, and mitigating chronic disease risks.