S4

This course aims to provide students with the theoretical and practical fundamentals required to understand fluid behavior and to analyze and design hydraulic and pneumatic systems used in industrial applications.

Chapter 1: Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

This chapter introduces the basic concepts of fluid mechanics, including definitions of ideal and real fluids, as well as incompressible and compressible fluids. It also presents the main physical properties of fluids such as density, specific weight, relative density, and viscosity, which are essential for studying hydraulic and pneumatic phenomena.

Chapter 2: Fluid Statics

Fluid statics deals with fluids at rest. The concept of pressure at a point within a fluid is introduced, along with the fundamental hydrostatic equation. Pascal’s theorem, the force exerted by a fluid on a vertical surface, and Archimedes’ principle are also studied.

Chapter 3: Dynamics of Ideal Incompressible Fluids

This chapter focuses on the study of ideal incompressible fluid flow. It covers steady flow, the continuity equation, flow rate concepts, and Bernoulli’s theorem in cases without work exchange and with work exchange.

Chapter 4: Dynamics of Real Incompressible Fluids

The behavior of real fluids is analyzed by considering viscosity effects. Flow regimes are classified using the Reynolds number. Head losses, including major (linear) and minor (singular) losses, are defined and evaluated. Bernoulli’s equation is then applied to real fluids by incorporating these losses.

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Hydraulic Systems

This chapter presents the basics of hydraulic systems. It covers hydraulic fluids (mineral oils and synthetic oils), the influence of temperature and pressure on viscosity, filtration techniques and contamination control. The main components of hydraulic circuits are studied, including cylinders (single- and double-acting), directional control valves, flow and pressure control devices, and pumps.

Chapter 6: Fundamentals of Pneumatic Systems

This chapter focuses on pneumatic systems. It introduces the properties of compressed air, pressure and power units, and compressed air generation methods. Air treatment processes, filtration levels, air preparation units (filters, pressure regulators, lubricators, soft starters), as well as power actuators and control valves are also discussed.

Objectifs de l’enseignement:

Passer en revue les différents types de convertisseurs d’énergie et en particulier les systèmes de conversion d’énergie  électromécaniques.