The firste articl of the 1996 constitution of ALGERIA revised on 2020.
The first article of the Algerian Constitution reads as follows:
"Algeria is a democratic and popular republic. It is one and indivisible".
1 .Algeria:
Meaning: This refers to the country of Algeria, which is located in North Africa. It emphasizes the geographical and political entity that the Constitution governs.The legal terme is STATE
It composed of:
A. Land Area (Territory):
This refers to the geographical territory or land that a state controls. It includes the country's land mass, islands, and any other features like mountains, forests, and deserts that fall within its borders.
B. Maritime Area (Territorial Waters):
This refers to the sea or water areas within the state’s jurisdiction. According to international law, a state has sovereignty over its territorial waters, which typically extend 12 nautical miles from the coast.
C. Air Area (space territory):
This refers to the airspace above a state's territory, which includes both land and maritime areas. A state has sovereignty over its airspace, and it controls the movement of aircraft flying over its territory, including air traffic regulations and the enforcement of its laws in the airspace.
2 Democracy in Algeria refers to a political system in which the people have the power to make decisions and choose their leaders. In simple terms, it means that the government is elected by the citizens through voting and free speech, and there is a separation of powers .
Democracy in Algeria allows the people to participate in their government through elections, express their views freely
Sovereignty is a term used to describe the supreme authority and power of a state to govern itself, make decisions, and control its territory without interference from external forces. It is the concept that a country has full control over its internal and external
3 People's republic" in the first article of the Algerian Constitution indicates that Algeria is a country where power is given to the people and for them, and leaders are elected by the citizens to serve their interests.
In a republic, the government is not inherited, and the citizens are active participants in shaping the country's decisions through voting and accountability.
The term POPULAR represents equality, freedom, and the idea that the people hold the power in the state, ensuring that the government works for them.
3 What "One and Indivisible" Means:
A-Unity: Algeria is a single nation, where all parts of the country, whether land, sea, or air, are part of the whole. No region can separate or claim independence.
B- Land (Territorial Integrity): The "indivisible" term implies that Algeria's land is not subject to division. The country maintains control over its territory, ensuring that its land borders remain intact and protected.
C- Maritime (Sea Borders): Similarly, Algeria has sovereignty over its maritime borders, meaning the waters off its coastline are also under its control and cannot be separated.
D- Airspace: The "indivisible" nature of Algeria also applies to its airspace. The country has complete control over the air above its territory, and it cannot be divided or controlled by any other country.